FEVER

 FEVER

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When immune cells recognize the tell-tale signs of a germ in the body – and often this can be quite early on in an infection – they release secretions which act on a brain area called the hypothalamus ,”best diabetic hospital in Trivandrum


The
hypothalamus is responsible, among other things, for controlling body temperature, and it responds to these signals by releasing hormones that cause various heat-boosting responses. Blood vessels in our skin constrict so less heat is lost at the body's surface. Fat cells start burning energy and our muscles rapidly contract, causing shivering – both of which warm us up. As a result, the body's temperature starts to rise.

If it rises too far, that can be fatal. Our cells begin to die, releasing proteins into the blood that can damage the kidneys and other organs, resulting in their failure.

So if fever can kill us, why does it happen?

 

Fever-like responses are observed in many organisms, suggesting fever's evolutionary origins may stretch back hundreds of millions of years.

 

Even some plants have been shown to increase their leaf temperature in response to fungal infections, while cold-blooded creatures will deliberately raise their body temperature if they have an infection, by sitting on a hot rock, for instance. 

 

In the case of the desert iguana, not being allowed to do so was seen to cause a 75 per cent reduction in survival rates.

 

That suggests fever might not be all bad. “Things that have a very high metabolic cost would not be preserved throughout evolutionary history unless they came with a clear survival advantage,” says Peters. (Mark Peters at the UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health in London.)

 The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates claimed that “those who cannot be cured by [medicine or] surgery can be cured by heat; and those who cannot be cured by heat are to be considered incurable”.

 

In 1927, the Nobel prize for medicine was awarded to the Austrian physician Julius Wagner-Jauregg for his discovery that triggering a high and persistent fever by inoculating people with malaria could treat their syphilis; the malaria was later treated with quinine .Diabetes cure in Trivandrum

 

But there are hints we might be missing something. Take the common viral infection chickenpox. In a study of 72 children, those who weren't given drugs known to reduce fever recovered faster. Likewise, a study of 56 people infected with one of the viruses that causes the common cold found that those who took certain fever-reducing drugs remained infectious for longer.

One reason for this may be that bacteria and viruses find it easier to replicate and infect cells at temperatures below 37°C. “By increasing your body temperature, you may be slowing down the ability of a virus to multiply,” says Davis. (Daniel Davis, an immunologist at the University of Manchester, UK)

Raising body temperature by just a few degrees also speeds up a cellular “clock” that controls the switching on of a set of inflammation-promoting genes, according to recent work by Mike White at the University of Manchester

It suggests that the immediate immune response is that bit faster at higher temperatures,” says White,

Permitting a fever in the viral condition is likely to allow your immune system to do its job – as it has been designed by millions of years of evolution – better,” says Peters.

Here are some key points on how fever aids the immune response:

 

Enhanced Immune Function: Fever can enhance the activity of white blood cells, which are crucial for identifying and attacking pathogens.

 

Inhibiting Pathogens: Many viruses and bacteria have optimal growth temperatures. A fever can create a less favorable environment for these pathogens, slowing their replication and spread.

 

Increased Metabolic Rate: Fever increases the metabolic rate, which can accelerate tissue repair and the overall immune response



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Stress Response: Fever is part of the acute phase response, a broader set of physiological changes that support the immune system, such as the production of acute phase proteins that help in pathogen clearance.

 

However, it's important to monitor fever and ensure it does not reach dangerously high levels, which can cause harm to the body. For most people, mild to moderate fever for about 102°F (38.9°C) to 104 (40°C) is generally safe and can be left untreated, but if the fever is very high or persistent, or if there are other concerning symptoms, medical advice should be sought.

Five tips to manage influenza

1. Never ignore the warning signs of your body. If you feel tasteless, it may be a sign of onset of viral fever. Stop taking food. Take only small sips of warm water.

 

2. If there is mild/moderate frontal head ache and burning sensation in the eyes, take rest. Never go out or exert your eyes or body. Saline throat gargle will prevent secondary infection.

 

 

3. If there is body pain, take absolute rest. Do not take cooked food. Even if you are hungry try only ripe fruits.

4. Never take sour fruits during fever. best diabetic hospital in Trivandrum

 

 

5. As far as possible avoid taking fever reducing tablets, unless you are a seriously ill patient.

When should you consider taking antipyretics

1. If there’s severe headache /body ache its reasonable to take antipyretics.

2. If the temperature goes beyond 40°C, that’s above 41°C or 42°C, then your cells may start breaking down, blood vessels start to leak and you get things like seizures.

3. If you have serious lung or heart conditions. In such conditions metabolism may go high, increased demands may fail your heart and your blood pressure might drop dramatically.

Dr Arun Vasudevan BHMS, MBS(UK), DAcu

Founder Director IDRP

Thiruvananthapuram

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